Chapter 11

This Article is all About inter-network operating system (IOS) in this chapter it talks about the role of IOS in the network. this include the security, addressing, interface, routing, its Quality of Service and of course it management resources. then we have the IOS hierarchical structure it describes the CISCO LOS modal in different mode. the mode prompt a command line interface or the CLI where various commands are executed to establish a good configuration, communication, information, operation, status of ports of a  device. accessing IOS on the device by two ways we have first the telnet Access and secondly the serial ports.Now CLI is important in basic routering and switching configurations some of the various uses of the CLI is its ability to limit device access, encryption, the ability to set your own password in a console mode.adding a login banner. and when managing IOS is a factor its ability to backup files via text file and restoration configuration. CLI also can identify a specific router in a network, Configuring router Ethernet interface and description of a router. in this article also tackles about the selecting, applying, and verification of an appropriate addressing in a particular host parameters to a host by testing local host TCP/IP by pinging if its properly installed and working. trace steps by using ipconfig command to verify host parameter and for assignments, testing connectivity in gateway and local host assignment. Use ping command to determine ip protocol is OK to NIC and test host if its actively communicating across the LAN area and communicate across the inter network to a given remote host. That is all about in this chapter 11 which is the Configuration and testing the network by a series of command using what we called the Command line. this is a great way to practice a command line prompt to be able to know the different command in networking.

IOS -  is a package of routing, switching, internetworking and telecommunications functions tightly integrated with a multitasking operating system.
CLI - or command line interface which enable, configure, process, address to a network device using a series of commands. 

Vincent(Starry starry Night) by Don Mclean

Starry, starry night.
Paint your palette blue and grey,
Look out on a summer's day,
With eyes that know the darkness in my soul.
Shadows on the hills,
Sketch the trees and the daffodils,
Catch the breeze and the winter chills,
In colors on the snowy linen land.

Now I understand what you tried to say to me,
How you suffered for your sanity,
How you tried to set them free.
They would not listen, they did not know how.
Perhaps they'll listen now.

Starry, starry night.
Flaming flowers that brightly blaze,
Swirling clouds in violet haze,
Reflect in Vincent's eyes of china blue.
Colors changing hue, morning field of amber grain,
Weathered faces lined in pain,
Are soothed beneath the artist's loving hand.

Now I understand what you tried to say to me,
How you suffered for your sanity,
How you tried to set them free.
They would not listen, they did not know how.
Perhaps they'll listen now.

For they could not love you,
But still your love was true.
And when no hope was left in sight
On that starry, starry night,
You took your life, as lovers often do.
But I could have told you, Vincent,
This world was never meant for one
As beautiful as you.

Starry, starry night.
Portraits hung in empty halls,
Frameless head on nameless walls,
With eyes that watch the world and can't forget.
Like the strangers that you've met,
The ragged men in the ragged clothes,
The silver thorn of bloody rose,
Lie crushed and broken on the virgin snow.

Now I think I know what you tried to say to me,
How you suffered for your sanity,
How you tried to set them free.
They would not listen, they're not listening still.
Perhaps they never will...

i love this song coz its inspires me as an artist because Don Mclean sees the tragic life of a famous artist Vincent Van Gogh he painted the starry starry night in a sanitarium through the window.  thank you.

Chapter 9

This article tackles about Ethernet first we must define what is Ethernet it is a family of network technology for local area network that has been commercially introduce in 1980. The characteristics of Ethernet it has a 3 principal categories Ethernet and IEEE 802.3 and 100-Mbps Ethernet lastly 1000-Mbps Ethernet. Through Ethernet the emergence of LAN switches these will help to avoid and manage vast collision of Ethernet based networks. The state of the art gigabit Ethernet by point-to-point topology. Ethernet is defined in the data link layer and physical layer in the physical layer we have the MAC (Media Access Control) it operates in the physical to the lower sublayer of the Datalink layer with its IEEE standard 802.3 its function is data encapsulation and in the upper portion of the datalink layer operates the LLC (Logical Link Control). As this implies limitation of layer 1 that will be aided by layer 2 is that layer 1 cannot communicate with the upper layer, cannot identify devices, only recognize bits, cannot determine the source of destination when multiple devices is transmitting then we have layer 2 functions it can connect to the upper layer via LLC, uses addressing schemes, frames for recognition of bits MAC for transmission. MAC’s further function is we have CSMA/CD or the Carrier Sense Multiple Access with collision Detection this controls access to shared media  then we have Ethernet characteristics which is the Ethernet timing simply means the time taken to travel from sending to receiving. Layer 2 of the Ethernet unicast, multicast and broadcast this are the types of transmission. Then will go to the protocol for addressing we have the Addressing Resolution Protocol (ARP) a critical function in multiple-access networks. ARP enables frames to be sent and removing address mappings and broadcast issue. Now after knowing the process happens in the hardware will go to the physical devices that implement the Ethernet we have switches, UTP, Fiber connector. These are all about the chapter 9 discussion of the CISCO. Thank you for reading my blog.

1.       Ethernet - is a family of computer networking technologies for local area networks (LANs) commercially introduced in 1980. Standardized in IEEE 802.3, Ethernet has largely replaced competing wired LAN technologies.

2.       LLC - Logical Link Control (LLC) data communication protocol layer is the upper sub-layer of the Data Link Layer in the seven-layer OSI reference model.

3.       MAC - data communication protocol sub-layer, also known as the Medium Access Control, is a sublayer of the Data Link Layer specified in the seven-layer OSI model (layer 2)

4.       CSMA/CD - performance by terminating transmission as soon as a collision is detected, thus shortening the time required before a retry can be attempted.

5.       ARP - is a telecommunications protocol used for resolution of network layer addresses into link layer addresses

Chapter 8

In this article Chapter 8 of CISCO "Network Fundamentals" tackles about the importance and function of the first layer of OSI model which is the Physical layer. Physical layer works by transporting bits of information frame across the local media that follows the physical layer fundamental principle in the core of the process after the encoding of bits in signaling, physical layer happens. furthermore signal vary in the medium by its frequency, amplitude, phase and clock rate  . media we have different types that help lot to the success of transporting data some of this media is copper wires, UTP (Unshielded twisted pair), Coaxial cable wires. this are the common media sited in the chapter 8 article. of course different media means different performance. the physical layer happens in the hardware by its standard sets IEEE, ISO, ANSI etc.an electrical signal will be transmitted on the media(Copper wire), a microwave signal in wireless device and light impulse in fiber optic. This where throughput, bandwidth and goodput be seen. throughput means the actual performance of  the actual data transfer while the bandwidth is the amount of data that can be carried from source to destination  while the goodput is the application of throughput. of course if we have media we must also have a connectors inb the article sited some of the connectors these are: 110 punch block, RJ45 socket/plug. this is what chapter tackles all about to how physical layer function to the devices needed to success the delivery of the data and here are some important key word to remember:

1. Physical layer - The Physical Layer consists of the basic hardware transmission technologies of a network. It is a fundamental layer underlying the logical data structures of the higher level functions in a network.
2. Network Media - (sometimes referred to as networked media) refers to media mainly used in computer networks such as the internet.
3. Throughput -  means the actual performance of  the actual data transfer
4. Media - A media connector attaches to the transmission media and allows the physical connection into the computing devices.
5. Data Signal - A pulse or frequency of electricity or light that represents data as it travels over a network, a computer channel or wireless.